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- $Unique_ID{USH00698}
- $Pretitle{71}
- $Title{Naval Aviation in World War I
- After Six Months of War}
- $Subtitle{}
- $Author{Van Wyen, Adrian O.}
- $Affiliation{Naval Aviation News}
- $Subject{naval
- war
- aircraft
- aviation
- first
- navy
- station
- flying
- nas
- patrol}
- $Volume{}
- $Date{1969}
- $Log{}
- Book: Naval Aviation in World War I
- Author: Van Wyen, Adrian O.
- Affiliation: Naval Aviation News
- Date: 1969
-
- After Six Months of War
-
- The program was beginning to roll. Units were being organized, stations
- were going into operation, war patrols were being flown and the number of
- qualified aviators was about to be quadrupled. Much remained to be done but
- actions taken early in the war were producing tangible evidence of steady
- progress toward expansion.
-
- October 1917
-
- 1 - An Act of Congress transferred control of the Aircraft Production
- Board from the Council of National Defense to the War and Navy Departments,
- enlarged its membership for greater service representation and changed its
- title to the Aircraft Board.
-
- 6 - The Secretary of War authorized the Navy to use part of the Army
- field at Anacostia for a seaplane hangar. Terms of use were within those of a
- revocable license, beginning 1 November 1917, for the duration of the war and
- six months.
-
- 14 - The Marine Aeronautic Company at Philadelphia was divided into the
- First Aviation Squadron under Capt. W. M. McIlvain, USMC, and the First Marine
- Aeronautic Company under Capt. F. T. Evans, USMC. On the same day, the latter
- command transferred to Cape May, N.J., for training in seaplanes and flying
- boats; three days later, the First Aviation Squadron transferred to the Army
- field at Mineola, Long Island, for training in landplanes.
-
- 15 - NAS Rockaway Beach was commissioned with LCdr. Warren G. Child in
- command. Originally established for seaplane patrol and kite balloon
- training, facilities for LTA patrol were added before many months.
-
- 16 - Only 67 days after ground was broken for construction of the Naval
- Aircraft Factory, its first war driven machine went into operation.
-
- 21 - The 12-cylinder Liberty engine was successfully flown for the first
- time in a Curtiss HS-1 flying boat at Buffalo, N.Y. This and other successful
- demonstrations led to adoption of both engine and airplane as standard service
- types.
-
- 22 - Special courses to train inspectors of aeronautical material were
- added to the Ground School program at MIT with 14 men enrolled.
-
- 24 - Instruction began at NAS Moutchic, France, a U.S. training station
- serving naval air units in Europe, with organized classes in the Ground School
- and dual instruction in the Flight School.
-
- 24 - United States Naval Aviation Forces, Foreign Service, was
- established over all Naval Aviation forces abroad under command of Captain H.
- I. Cone.
-
- November 1917
-
- 2 - Twelve men who had organized as the Second Yale Unit and had trained
- at their own expense at Buffalo, N.Y., were commissioned as ensigns and soon
- after were designated Naval Aviators.
-
- 4 - To coordinate the aviation program within the Navy Department,
- Captain N. E. Irwin, Officer in Charge of Aviation, requested that
- representatives of bureaus having cognizance over some phase of the program
- meet regularly in his office to discuss and expedite all pertinent matters.
-
- 9 - Permission was received from the government of Argentina to use three
- officers of the Argentine Navy, recently qualified as U.S. Naval Aviators, as
- instructors in the ground school at NAS Pensacola. The men were: R.
- Fitzsimon, Ceferino M. Pouchan and Marcos A. Zar, numbered 95 a, b and c
- respectively in the precedence list of Naval Aviators.
-
- 10 - A Navy "flying bomb," manufactured by the Curtiss Company, was
- delivered for test to the Sperry Flying Field at Copiague, Long Island. Also
- called an aerial torpedo and closely related to the guided missile of today,
- the flying bomb was designed for automatic operation, carrying 1,000 pounds of
- explosives at a specified range of 50 miles and top speed of 90 miles per
- hour. In addition to this specially designed aircraft, N-9's were also
- converted for automatic operation as flying bombs that were closely related to
- the guided missile of today.
-
- 14 - A major step in assuring the success of the Navy's WW I aircraft
- production program was taken when the Secretary of War, Newton D. Baker,
- approved a recommendation "that priority be given by the War Department to
- naval needs for aviation material necessary to equip and arm seaplane bases."
-
- 15 - A Committee on Light Alloys, with Naval Constructor J. C. Hunsaker a
- member, was established within the NACA (National Advisory Committee for
- Aeronautics) to intensify the effort to develop light metal alloys for
- aeronautical use.
-
- 21 - A demonstration of the Navy N-9 flying bomb at Amityville, Long
- Island, which was witnessed by Major General George O. Squier, USA, led the
- Army to establish a parallel project.
-
- 22 - A Tellier seaplane, piloted by Ens. K. R. Smith with Electrician's
- Mate Wilkinson and Machinist's Mate Brady on board, was forced down at sea on
- a flight out of LeCroisic to investigate the reported presence of German
- submarines south of Belle Isle. Two days later they were rescued by a French
- destroyer and minutes after being taken aboard, their damaged plane sank to
- the bottom. It was the first armed patrol by a U.S. Naval Aviator in European
- waters.
-
- 24 - In discussing the development of aircraft torpedoes, the Chief of
- Naval Operations pointed out that available aircraft could carry a load of not
- more than 600 pounds and thus were incapable of delivering by this means an
- explosive charge large enough to seriously damage a modern warship. This
- problem, the size of an effective torpedo versus the capabilities of aircraft,
- retarded torpedo plane development in WW I and continued as an important
- factor in post war years.
-
- 27 - NAS LeCroisic, France, was commissioned with Lt. William M. Corry in
- command. Located just south of the Breton Peninsula, the station provided
- seaplane patrol over convoys entering the Loire River. It was the first
- overseas patrol station to go into operation.
-
- December 1917
-
- 1 - NAS Pauillac was commissioned as an assembly and repair and supply
- station for all U.S. naval air stations in France. Ens. R. F. Nourse was
- acting commanding officer until Lt. Henry B. Cecil arrived in February.
-
- 4 - NAS Cape May, N.J., was commissioned as a seaplane and LTA patrol
- station. The First Marine Aeronautic Company trained here from 14 October
- until it departed for duty in the Azores in January.
-
- 5 - The policy regarding helicopter development was established by the
- Secretaries of the War and Navy Departments on the basis of recommendations
- made by the Joint Technical Board on Aircraft. Basically, need for
- improvement in power plants and propellers was recognized as necessary, but
- actual support of development efforts was to be limited to moral encouragement
- until a vendor had demonstrated a helicopter of military value.
-
- 7 - The development of fighter type aircraft was initiated with the
- Secretary's authorization for the Curtiss HA or "Dunkirk Fighter." This
- single-pontoon seaplane was equipped with dual synchronized machine guns
- forward and dual flexible machine guns in the rear cockpit.
-
- 7 - The Naval Aeronautic Station Pensacola was redesignated a Naval Air
- Station.
-
- 15 - The Marine Aeronautical Detachment, under command of Capt. Roy S.
- Geiger, was organized at Marine Barracks, Philadelphia Navy Yard.
-
- 18 - NAS Key West was commissioned. Used chiefly as an elementary flight
- training station, it was also a base for patrol operations.
-
- 22 - The addition of an Aerography School to the training program at MIT,
- in which a major portion of the instruction was carried out at the Blue Hill
- Observatory at Harvard University, was marked by the start of classes with one
- student enrolled.
-
- 31 - The First Aviation Squadron of the Marine Corps, under command of
- Capt. W. M. McIlvain, transferred from Mineola to another Army facility,
- Gerstner Field, Lake Charles, La., for advanced training in landplanes.
-